2. Shunts

  BRIEF COMMENTS EXPERT: Tomasz Miszalski-Jamka, MD, PhD Affiliation: Department of Radiology, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland COMMENT In CMR impaired RV contractility can be seen. Additionally pulmonary valve stenosis, accelerated blood flow and right pulmonary artery dilatation is present. Gradient in ostium is about 20 mmHg. There is no visible fibrosis in RV muscle. EXPERT: Prof. Janusz Skalski MD, PhD Affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow COMMENT In this particular case residual heart …

Background Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital cardiac malformation that consists of an interventricular communication, also known as a ventricular septal defect, obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, override of the ventricular septum by the aortic root, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Case presentation A 40-year-old woman after correction of tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) was admitted to hospital due to deterioration in exercise tolerance (NYHA functional class III). Surgical correction was performed at the age of 3 years. She was …

Background Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), first described in 1888, comprises of an interventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, an overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). It is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease (10% of all cases). It is usually detected in early infancy due to symptoms related to cyanosis and right to left shunting of blood through a large ventricular septal defect. Uncorrected, it is associated with a very poor prognosis, with only …

Background Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital cyanotic heart defect composed of four characteristics: large ventricular septal defect (VSD) – malaligment type, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular outflow obstruction. The location of the obstruction can be anywhere along the right ventricular outflow-infundibulum, pulmonic valve, the annulus of the pulmonic valve, the main pulmonary arteria (PA), or in the branch or peripheral pulmonary arteries. The degree of obstruction in the right ventricle outflow truck can range mild to …

Background Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. It is caused by the antero-supetior displacement of the infundibular septum what leads to the onset of the components of the ToF: malaligned ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding aorta, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) and, secondary, right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy. Uncorrected ToF has short life expectancy- about 25% of patients survive to age of 10 years and only 5% to age of 40 years[1,2]. However, long-term …

Background Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. It is caused by the antero-superior displacement of the infundibular septum what leads to the onset of the components of the ToF: malaligned ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding aorta, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) and, secondary, right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy. Uncorrected ToF has short life expectancy- about 25% of patients survive to age of 10 years and only 5% to age of 40 years[1,2]. However, long-term …

Keywords: coronary artery abnormality, tetralogy of Fallot Background Tetralogy of Fallot is one of the most common cyanotic congenital cardiac diseases. This heart defect consists of ventricular septal defect, obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, overriding aorta and right ventricular hypertrophy. About 3% of patients have anomalous left anterior descending coronary artery which may necessitate a conduit type of repair. Conduits connect right ventricle and main pulmonary artery. There are two types of conduits: valved and non-valved. About 40% …